Lesión medular y ejercicio físico: revisión desde una perspectiva deportiva
Resumen
Una de cada 2000 personas en Europa tiene lesión medular (LM), es normalmente más sedentaria que el resto de la población y encuentra diferentes problemas para practicar ejercicio físico (EF), destacando la escasa formación específica de los profesionales del deporte. Con el objetivo de aportar información sobre la LM y su interacción con la práctica deportiva, se realizó una revisión de literatura científica que analiza sus alteraciones músculoesqueléticas, cardiovasculares, respiratorias, de termorregulación, genitourinarias e intestinales, las úlceras por presión, la disreflexia autonómica y los aspectos nutricionales, generando recomendaciones prácticas. Como conclusión, la práctica habitual de EF reduce la incidencia de enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares, mejorando la condición física, la autonomía personal y la salud de las personas con LM, así como su calidad y esperanza de vida, pero es imprescindible conocer sus características particulares tanto para optimizar su rendimiento deportivo como para evitar graves complicaciones médicas.
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